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  • SketchUp Models
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    • Bureaucratic Affairs Building HHW System Logic Exercise
    • Bureaucratic Affairs Building Scavenger Hunt
    • Chilled Water Plant System Diagram Exercise
    • The HIjend Hotel >
      • Chilled Water Plant Scoping Exercise
      • Ballroom AHU Scoping Exercise
      • Cooling Tower Scoping Exercise
  • Tools
    • Altitude Correction Factor
    • Economizer Evaluation Checklist
    • Eikon for Educators and WindLGC
    • Effective Duct Length Tool
    • Excel Third Axis Tool
    • Excel Time Value Conversion
    • Insulation Savings Tools
    • Logic Diagram Tool
    • Mixed Air Calculations
    • Monitoring Plan Spreadsheet
    • Pipe Friction Chart
    • Plot Digitizer >
      • Plot Digitizer Pump Curve Example
    • Square Law Spreadsheet
    • System Diagram Symbols
    • Thermodynamic Diagrams Spreadsheet
    • Universal Translator Data Analysis Tool
    • y = (m * x) + b Spreadsheet
  • Useful Formulas
    • Affinity Laws
    • Circular Equivalent Duct
    • Effective Duct Length
    • FT Guide Appendix C
    • HVAC Equations and Concepts
    • Hydraulic Diameter
    • Pump Power and Energy
    • "Square Law"
  • What's That Thing?
    • Cooling Towers
    • Pumps
    • Valves
  • Resources
    • Bill Coad's Writings
    • Data Logging Resources
    • EBCx Skills Guidebook
    • Energy Design Resources
    • Fisher Controls Valve Cavitation Bulletin
    • Functional Testing Guide
    • Honeywell Gray Manual
    • MCC Powers Bulletins
    • NBCIP Reports
    • PEC Tool Lending Library
    • PID Resources
    • Pneumatic Control Resources
    • Resource List
    • Scoping Resources
    • TAB Resources
    • Vintage Carrier Design Manual
    • VRF Systems
    • Williams' Wisdom
  • Videos
    • Bureaucratic Affairs HHW Logic Answers
    • Cooling Tower Flow Variation
    • Economizer Stratification
    • Functional Testing
    • Induction Principles
    • Monitoring Plans
    • CW Pump Deadheaded by Tower Lift
    • Ripple Effects
    • Testing a Pump
    • The Garden of Low Entropy
    • Variable Flow Systems
  • Training
    • Materials from Classes and Presentations >
      • ACEEE
      • ASHRAE
      • ASHRAE - Engineers Notebook
      • BCxA and NCBC
      • BEST Institute
      • Case Studies
      • ERDC 2020 RCx Academy
      • ELPNW
      • ICEBO
      • Marriott AEP
      • Magazine Articles
      • NAVFAC
      • Pacific Energy Center Design, Performance and Commissioning Issues Classes >
        • PEC Class Materials Archive
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      • Pacific Energy Center EBCx Workshop Series >
        • EBCx Workshop Series 12
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      • Portland General Electric
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Vintage 1968 Carrier Design Manual

These days, there sometimes seems to be a tendency to set aside anything that is more than a couple of years old as being irrelevant and dated.  Of course, that is coming from an older guy like me, who is probably worried that he may becoming irrelevant and dated. 

But still, given that our buildings and their systems will have significantly longer life cycles than a couple of years, and given the nature of physics, concepts and configurations that are more than a few years old can still be relevant, especially if you need to work with one in an existing building.  Frequently, I find myself working with a system that was designed years ago using the prevailing design philosophy of the time, like this 1949 or so vintage double duct system that is still very much in service down in the Bay area.
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 High velocity induction systems are another common example.  Just about every year I have taught the Existing Building Commissioning Workshop series with Ryan Stroupe down at the Pacific Energy Center, there has been at least one student who had a building with one of these system types in it, and this year has been no exception.

I first encountered this system type the first year of my career, when Bill Coad sent me down to work on the Executive Office Building, a 1960's vintage high rise in downtown St. Louis.
Back then, one of my main resources for understanding those systems was the Carrier Design Manual.  The copy I have was generously shared and then given to me by Bud Wiecezorik, who spent many hours mentoring me out in the field about this new world I found myself adopting as a career.  The image below, taken from one of the chapters in the manual, illustrates the system configuration.
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On the air side, the design approach distributed air to terminal units which, in the case of the system I was working in in 1976, were located along the perimeter of each floor in the building.  The terminal units contained a primary air manifold with nozzels attached to it, as can be seen from the images to the right.  The primary air jetting through the nozzels induced air flow from the space across a water coil, which could have hot or chilled water in it.  

Temperature control was achieved by varying the primary air temperature, the water temperature and by modulating the air flow around the coil with a damper of the water flow through the coil with a valve.   The system was very flexible because you could use warm air and warm water, cold air and warm water, warm air and cold water, or cold air and cold water depending on the nature of the load and the current operating status of the utility systems in the central plant.   

The Executive Office Building had separate systems for each face of the building and on a sunny winter day, it was not inconceivable that you would be using cold air and warm water on the south face to address the solar load with warm air and warm water on the North face since it received no direct sunlight and thus, there was a net energy loss from the zone due to transmission and infiltration on that side of the building.

My point in bringing this up here is that it turns out my "out dated" 1964 edition of the Carrier Design Manual is actually  kind of handy to have if you find yourself working with these systems, as is the case for two of the students in the EBCx class this year.  So I decided to make a page on the web site where I could place scans of the various chapters in the manual so they were available for reference to those working with these systems in existing buildings.
 
I will start with the chapters that are the most relevant to the needs of my current students, those being the chapters about induction systems like the one I have illustrated above.   But eventually, I hope to get the entire manual scanned and posted.  It will just take a while since the chapters are bound and it is a manual, page by page process to make the scans since I don't want to cut the binding.
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Bud and His Ever-present Cup of Coffee
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The 1968 Carrier Design Manual Bequeathed to Me by Bud
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Chapter 10 -  All-Air Systems

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In addition to discussing induction systems like the one I illustrated above, this section gives an overview of all of the common system types, albeit from the perspective of pre-energy crisis 1968.  The descriptions are fairly complete and include all of the things you probably should be thinking about when working one, even today.  Topics include:
  • System description and features
  • Engineering requirements
  • Equipment selection considerations
  • Load assessment considerations
  • Duct and piping design considerations
  • Control system requirements and sequences
Chapter 10 (part_10_-_all-air_systems.pdf)
File Size: 23266 kb
File Type: pdf
Download File

Chapter 11 -  Air-Water Systems

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Chapter 11 (part_11_-_air‏_-_water_systems.pdf)
File Size: 13006 kb
File Type: pdf
Download File

If you are wanting to know more about the induction unit system I illustrated above, then this is the chapter for you, in particular the first topic.   The format is very similar to what I describe for Chapter 10. 

The second upload, illustrated below, is from Modern Air-Conditioning Heating and Ventilation, Willis Carrier's 1950 classic text book on the topic, which still is relevant today since the physics behind what we do have not changed.
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Excerpt from Carrier's Book (induction_system.pdf)
File Size: 641 kb
File Type: pdf
Download File

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