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    • The HIjend Hotel >
      • Chilled Water Plant Scoping Exercise
      • Ballroom AHU Scoping Exercise
      • Cooling Tower Scoping Exercise
  • Tools
    • Altitude Correction Factor
    • Economizer Evaluation Checklist
    • Eikon for Educators and WindLGC
    • Effective Duct Length Tool
    • Excel Third Axis Tool
    • Excel Time Value Conversion
    • Insulation Savings Tools
    • Logic Diagram Tool
    • Mixed Air Calculations
    • Monitoring Plan Spreadsheet
    • Pipe Friction Chart
    • Plot Digitizer >
      • Plot Digitizer Pump Curve Example
    • Square Law Spreadsheet
    • System Diagram Symbols
    • Thermodynamic Diagrams Spreadsheet
    • Universal Translator Data Analysis Tool
    • y = (m * x) + b Spreadsheet
  • Useful Formulas
    • Affinity Laws
    • Circular Equivalent Duct
    • Effective Duct Length
    • FT Guide Appendix C
    • HVAC Equations and Concepts
    • Hydraulic Diameter
    • Pump Power and Energy
    • "Square Law"
  • What's That Thing?
    • Cooling Towers
    • Pumps
    • Valves
  • Resources
    • Bill Coad's Writings
    • Data Logging Resources
    • EBCx Skills Guidebook
    • Energy Design Resources
    • Fisher Controls Valve Cavitation Bulletin
    • Functional Testing Guide
    • Honeywell Gray Manual
    • MCC Powers Bulletins
    • NBCIP Reports
    • PEC Tool Lending Library
    • PID Resources
    • Pneumatic Control Resources
    • Resource List
    • Scoping Resources
    • TAB Resources
    • Vintage Carrier Design Manual
    • VRF Systems
    • Williams' Wisdom
  • Videos
    • Bureaucratic Affairs HHW Logic Answers
    • Cooling Tower Flow Variation
    • Economizer Stratification
    • Functional Testing
    • Induction Principles
    • Monitoring Plans
    • Ripple Effects
    • Testing a Pump
    • The Garden of Low Entropy
    • Variable Flow Systems
  • Training
    • Materials from Classes and Presentations >
      • ACEEE
      • ASHRAE
      • ASHRAE - Engineers Notebook
      • BCxA and NCBC
      • BEST Institute
      • Case Studies
      • ERDC 2020 RCx Academy
      • ELPNW
      • ICEBO
      • Marriott AEP
      • Magazine Articles
      • NAVFAC
      • Pacific Energy Center Design, Performance and Commissioning Issues Classes >
        • PEC Class Materials Archive
      • Pacific Energy Center EBCx Project Review
      • Pacific Energy Center EBCx Workshop Series >
        • EBCx Workshop Series 12
        • EBCx Workshop Series 13
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        • EBCx Workshop Series 16
        • EBCx Workshop Series 17
      • Portland General Electric
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ACEEE

When I was working for PECI, I often presented at the ACEEE Summer Study Conference in Pacific Grove, California.  I am placing the papers from those sessions here. Note that I am adding content over time on an as needed basis, so you may want to check back occasionally to see if there is something new.
 

Making Energy Intensive HVAC Processes More Sustainable via Low Temperature Heat Recovery

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​One of the insights I had out in the field one day was that a heating load was different from a reheat load and that even if you needed 180-200°F water temperatures to a reheat coil serving a perimeter space on a cold winter day to heat it, you probably did not need water anywhere near that hot on a hot summer day to do reheat;  i.e make the air a little less cold than you had made it for dehumidification purposes or because a different zone in the system needed the air that could.  That insight lead to a design that recovered heat from a condenser water system during the summer months to serve the reheat loads in a hospital.  
There are a number of benefits to being able to serve loads with low temperature hot water some of the time including lower parasitic losses in the piping network, leveraging the efficiency improvements associated with condensing mode in condensing boiler applications, and opening the door to energy recovery form low temperature heat sources like condenser water and solar collectors.

This paper explores the concept from a design stand point and then discusses the results of applying the concept in a number of different facilities.  ​
Low Temperature HW (aceee_low_temp_hw.pdf)
File Size: 116 kb
File Type: pdf
Download File

 

Commissioning and Envelope Leakage: Using HVAC Operating Strategies to Meet Design and Construction Challenges

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​Successful HVAC design and efficient operation are inescapably linked to a “successful” building envelope design. From the HVAC system standpoint, a successful envelope must resist the transfer of heat and moisture and minimize the exchange of air across its boundary. While intuitive, these goals are often relegated to second place in favor of creating an aesthetically pleasing structure or making an architectural statement. The construction industry often presumes that if no water penetrates the building envelope, then the integrity of the system is satisfactory. But, scientific analysis and practical experience demonstrate that infiltration can lead to frozen pipes, condensation, and occupant discomfort.
This paper contains an overview and examples of design and construction issues that lead to envelope leakage problems. The discussion includes identification techniques used to locate and quantify the leakage, operational ramifications associated with the leakage, and solutions to mitigate the leakage using HVAC operating strategies. For two of the examples, a test was performed based on ASTM-E-779-99 (Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization) to quantify the leakage rate and assess its impact on building pressurization. The results of these tests and other field experiences indicate that achieving a completely airtight envelope is practically impossible. Thus, the architectural design and construction details targeted at providing an airtight envelope need to be supported by HVAC design and operating strategies that will mitigate the impact leakage that will inevitably occur.

The files below are the actual ACEEE paper along with the slide presentation from ACEEE and a presentation from the National Conference on Building Commissioning that takes a closer look at the test procedure.

Building Envelope Leakage Paper (final_paper_378_-_sellers_-_envelope_leakage.pdf)
File Size: 118 kb
File Type: pdf
Download File

ACEEE 2004 Presentation (envelope_leakage_v1-_printed_version.pdf)
File Size: 1629 kb
File Type: pdf
Download File

NCBC 2004 Presentation (ncbc_testing_envelopes_v2.pdf)
File Size: 1089 kb
File Type: pdf
Download File

The files below are a test guidance document that was published in the Functional Testing Guide that discusses the things you should be thinking about if you want to perform a building envelope leakage test and an actual test form based on the information in the test guidance document.
Leakage Test Guidance (tg12-envelope_leakage.pdf)
File Size: 217 kb
File Type: pdf
Download File

Editable Leakage Test Example (building_envelope_leakage_test_v4.doc)
File Size: 212 kb
File Type: doc
Download File

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